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scada system (supervisory control and data acquisition): what is scada?
have you ever wondered what a scada system really is? how does it work? and why is it called supervisory control and data acquisition?
in this tutorial i will give you an introduction to scada systems and architecture, scada applications and programming. all the basics you need to know about scada systems.
this article will give you insights about both the technical and the business aspects of scada systems. the latter often overlooked, which means companies are loosing opportunities and thereby money.
what is a scada system?
scada stands for supervisory control and data acquisition and is a system for monitoring and controlling and as the name implies, data acquisition. it is widely used in factories to monitor and control production lines and machines. a good way to make an understanding, of what a scada system is and where it can be used, is to see it in relation to the automation pyramid.
scada systems are located at the monitoring and supervising level in the automation pyramid. the automation pyramid is a concept published in isa-95 and iec 62264-3, in an attempt to describe how different systems work together. at the top you have all the information systems for handling business, planning and logistics. and at the bottom you have all the operational systems. scada systems are placed right in the middle of the automation pyramid. right where it (information technology) meets ot (operational technology).
scada system in the automation pyramid from isa-95 (iec 62264-3).
below the scada system is all the operational technology like plc’s, sensors etc. the job of scada is really to control and monitor all this ot. but at the same time also to send and receive information from the mes or erp system above. information that has to do with business and planning. like an order for example.
how does a scada system work?
again, the scada system is the meeting and connection point between information and operation. the scada basics is really about exchange of information and the ability to control and monitor. especially the latter is how you will often see scada systems in use.
what a scada system physically will look like is a screen. more than often multiple screens where an operator can both control and monitor all relevant components in a unit, machine or even a whole plant. this could be visualized with e.g. a p& id (piping and instrumentation diagram). most important is it, that the operator understands the different parts of the scada system and what they control/monitor.
scada system with pi& d for controlling and monitoring.
all these screens are essentially hmi’s or human-machine interfaces. they are the interface between the operator and the machine. back in the days an hmi was really just a bunch of push buttons and control lamps. but now you will often have a touch screen either at the machine or in a control room.
but if all these screen are called hmi, what is scada exactly then?
