Выписать герундий и определить его функцию.

1. the work could not be finished without carrying out some
necessary experiments.
2. he could not help thinking about his future job.
3. we cannot go to the conference without being invited.
4. i have never heard of his teaching at that university.
ty.
5. i have never heard of his having taught athat university.
6. his being invited to take part at the conference was quite
unexpected to him.
7. reading english books in the original is very pleasant.
8. in 1883 leskov wrote to his friend: "i cannot forgive myself for
never having learned the french language well enough to work in
it like a native" (носитель языка).
9. this book is worth translating.
10. learning a foreign language helps us to know better our native
one.
11. i don't like learning grammar rules.
12. i remember having bought that book.
13. kramskoy is also known for his having painted the portraits of
his famous contemporaries: writers, poets, painters and actors.
14. besides being a great sculptor, michelangelo was also a great
painter and architect.
15. lebedev's having worked out an efficient method of making
artificial rubber (каучук) made our industry independent of
imported rubber.
16. this is done by employing the latest equipment.