3
перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них
видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). переведите
предложения на язык.
1. the sputniks are used for the research of magnetic fields and cosmic rays.
2. the properties of materials are affected by solar radiation.
3. numerous questions were being discussed by the commission.
4. the experiment has been carried out successfully, and the results will soon be
published.
ii. перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на язык,
обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. the peoples know that their joint efforts can secure peace in the whole world.
2. we had to find new methods of investigation because the old ones were
unsatisfactory.
3. one may work in this laboratory only observing certain rules.
iii. перепишите предложения и переведите их на язык, обращая внимание
на различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. we had to change the design of this machine.
2. the speed of electrons is almost the same as that of light.
3. we have introduced a new system of work.
4. he does morning exercises every day.
iv. перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на язык,
обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. we know radio and radar systems play a very important role at any airport.
2. the substance they had to work with had an unpleasant odour.
v. перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на язык,
обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. the main purpose of the computers is to solve complex problems quickly.
2. to extend the main street they had to destroy some old buildings.
3. the new channel to be constructed here will be the longest in the country.
4. to operate the complex device was rather difficult.
vi. прочитайте и переведите с 1 по 3-й абзацы текста. перепишите и письменно
переведите 1 и 2-й абзацы.
пояснения к тексту:
1. ultrasonics - ультразвук
2. a transducer – датчик
3. quartz – кварц
4. to come across – натолкнуться, встретить
5. proves to be – оказывается
ultrasonics1
1. the source of the ultrasonic sound is called a transducer2
. one of the transducers is
a quartz3
crystal. this is a solid body whose property is to change its dimensions under
the influence of electricity. a quartz crystal is pressed against the surface of the metal to
be tested. an electric current of ultrasonic frequency is applied to the crystal to make it
vibrate with the same frequency. from the crystal a short burst of sound travels into the
specimen. if it comes across4
an air bubble, a crack or some other defects it is reflected
from that region, thus locating the defect. if the specimen has no defects the signal is
not reflected back until it reaches the opposite surface of the specimen.
2. ultrasonic method is applied to study the ocean bottom, to locate shoals of fish or to
detect some danger of navigation. however the early wish to detect icebergs by
ultrasonic equipment failed to be realized. the reason for the failure is to be explained
by the following acoustic fundamentals – water and ice have nearly the same density
and sound travels at nearly the same speed through both. thus a sound wave passes
freely from one medium into the other with only a small amount of reflection.
3. ultrasonic waves are used in various industries. ultrasonic cleaning proves to be5
especially successful in treating metal parts of irregular shape. the cracks which are
inaccessible to cleaning by all the usual methods come out clean when treated by
ultrasonics. to clean by ultrasonics seems to be very simple. but a physicist knows that
in attempting to explain this simple process of ultrasonic cleaning he has to go into the
fundamentals of acoustics and thermodynamics.
vii. прочитайте 3 абзац текста и ответьте на вопросы письменно.
1. where are ultrasonic waves used?
2. what metal parts are successfully cleaned by ultrasonics?
3. how can cracks in metals be cleaned?
4. does cleaning by ultrasonic seem to be very simple or very complex?
5. what does a physicist know?