i. перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глаголсказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. переведите
предложения на язык. в разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод
пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. astronomers have measured the exact length of the day.
2. astronomers find that the day is increasing by 0.002 seconds each century.
б) 1. as a rule one great discovery is generally followed by numerous others.
2. we were shown a new alloy, which will be used, in modern technology.
ii. перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните participle i и participle ii и
установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением,
обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. переведите предложения на

1. matter consists of one or a number of basic elements occurring in nature.
2. one can use several modern devices while detecting and measuring radioactivity.
3. when heated to a certain temperature this alloy increases in volume.
4. this cloud chamber (камера вильсона) is one of the devices used to detect the
presence of radioactivity.
iii. перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них
модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. переведите предложения на
язык.
1. a computer can solve complicated problems many times faster than a
mathematician.
2. a new type of plastics had to be obtained for space technology.
3. to measure the vast distances between different planets scientists have to use
special instruments.
4. the nuclear-rocket engine should be thermally efficient.
iv. прочитайте и устно переведите с1 по 3-й абзацы текста. перепишите и
письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.
пояснения к тексту:
1. powell - пауэлл
2. particle physics – элементарных частиц
3. the pugwush conferences – пагуошские конференции
4. were determined – были полны решимости
5. won a scholarship – получил (по конкурсу) стипендию
6. position – должность
7. sub-nuclear particle – субъядерная частица.
c.f. powell1 (1903-1969).
1. powel was a prominent english scientist noted for his techniques and discoveries in
particle physics2
. he was also deeply concerned with problems relating to the social
responsibility of scientists. powell was a leader in the world federation of scientific
workers in the mid-1950’s and was a founder of the pugwish conferences3
on science
and world affairs in 1957. as a public man and in his published articles powell stressed
the perils of destructive weapons and the need for international cooperation.
2. powell was born in december 1903 in england. his parents were poor and they
were determined4
to give their children a good education to increase their opportunities
for a better life. in 1921 powell won a scholarship5
of one of the colleges at cambridge
which he graduated in 1925 with first-class honors in science. he started his scientific
career at the cavendish laboratory headed by ernest rutherford. after gaining his
scientific degree at cambridge in 1928 powell accepted a position6
at the physics
laboratory in the university of bristol. powell spent the rest of his career there
advancing to professor in 1948 and director of the laboratory in 1964.
3. in 1947 powell’s bristol group identified a new particle in the cosmic radiation.
powell and other two scientists discovered the -meson and demonstrated that this subnuclear particle7 was produced directly in nuclear reactions and rapidly decayed in
flight, producing the -meson. the discovery solved a complicated scientific problem
and helped open a new era of particle physics.
4. powell continued to develop and apply the photographic method of bristol. his
laboratory became the source of new experimental discoveries in meson physics and
an international training center for physicists of many countries. in 1950 he was
awarded the nobel prize for his development of the photographic method and his
meson discoveries.
v. прочитайте 1 и 4 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.
1. what was powel noted for?
2. what problems was he concerned with?
3. what did he stress in his published articles?
4. whose laboratory became the source of new experimental discoveries?
5. what was powel awarded the noble prize for?