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1. Great Britain.
The official name of Great Britain is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is an island country. It is situated on the British Isles in the northwest of Europe. The English Channel 18 miles wide separates it from France. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland by the Irish Sea.
2. Parts of Great Britain.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244 000 (two hundred and forty- four thousand) square kilometres. The population is over 56 million. The capital is London.
The surface of the United Kingdom varies greatly. The northern and the westem parts of the country are mountainous and are called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain that is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not very long. The most important of are them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous part of the country.
No part of England lies more than one hundred miles from the sea. The coast line has a number of fine bays and excellent natural harbors. World famous ports include London, Liverpool, Bristol, Plymouth, Southampton, Portsmouth, Dover and others.
3. Climate in Great Britain.
The climate of Great Britain is mild the whole year round. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Culf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. Winters are not cold and summers are not hot. October is usually the wettest month, Jaly- the hottest, and January- the coldest.
4. British Economy.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile. One of the chief industries is shipbuilding.
Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive.
5. British Political System.
The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour party, the Conservative party and the Liberal party.