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Education in Britain is compulsory and free for all children.
Primary education begins at the age of 5 in England, Wales and Scotland, and 4 in Northern
Ireland. It includes three age ranges: nursery for children under 5 years, infants from 5 to 7, and
juniors from 7 to 11 years old. In nursery schools babies don’t have real classes, they learn some
elementary things such as numbers, colours and letters. Besides, they play, have lunch and sleep
there. Children usually start their school education in an infant school and move to a junior
school at the age of 7
Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years: one
form to each year. Secondary schools are generally much larger than primary ones. Pupils in
England and Wales begin studying a range of subjects stipulated under the National Curriculum.
Religious education is available in all schools, although parents have the right to withdraw their
children from such classes.
About 5 per cent of schoolchildren attend fee-paying private or public schools. Most of these
schools are boarding ones, where children live as well as study. The most famous British public
schools are Eton, Harrow and Winchester.
The large majority of British schools teach both boys and girls together. But grammar schools,
which give state secondary education of a very high standard, teach boys and girls separately.
The school year in England and Wales starts in September and ends in July. In Scotland it runs
from August to June and in Northern Ireland from September to June and has three terms. At 7
and 11 years old, and then at 14 and 16 at secondary school, pupils take examinations in the core
subjects (English, Mathematics and Science).
The main school examination, the General Certificate of secondary education (GCSE)
examination is taken at the age of 16 If pupils are successful, they can make their choice: they
may either go to a Further Education College or a Polytechnic or they may continue their
education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A'
(Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to enter one of British
universities. Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview.
After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or
Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's
Degree (PhD).