Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—14) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
DOES DRINKING SEA WATER MAKE YOU GO MAD? The Admiralty Maпual of Seanlaпship published by the British Royal Navy in 1964 advises that sea water is poisonous. (1) the manual, “Numerous lives were lost from this (2) during the lаst war. Madness and death follow very quickly after drinking sea water.” The truth is that drinking a small (3) of clean sea water won’t do you any harm, especially if you also drink plenty of fresh water to (4) your body flush out the sodium chloride. However, if you drink sea water exclusively for the (5) of hydration then you will quickly fnd yourself in trouble. If you continue to drink sea water and no other hydrating fluids, the sodium levels in your blood will (6) to toxic levels, water will be expelled from the cells in your body, your nervous system will crash, and you will experience seizures, brain damage, and ultimately heart and kidney failure. You will also become more thirsty, as your body (7) more water than it takes in to flush out the salt. While you are still conscious; you will experience raging thirst, delirium, confusion, and an overwhelming fear that you are about to die. Mad or not, you certainly won’t be very rational. Fresh water has fewer than 1,000 parts per million of dissolved salts. That (8) that less than 0.1 percent of the water’s weight is salt. Human blood is around 0.9 percent and sea water is about 3.5 percent salt by weight. Several ocean travelers have reported drinking a mixture of sea and fresh water with no ill (9) . Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl reported drinking 40 percent sea water mixed with 60 percent fresh water during his 1947 expedition across the Pacifc Ocean on board the raft Kon-Tiki. In 1952 “voluntary cast-away” Dr. Alain Bombard (10) 65 days on board . a tiny inflatable, the Heretique, to (11) that castaways could and should drink small quantities of sea water, while collecting fresh water from condensation. However, his fndings are controversial and the maritime rule is still to avoid drinking sea water at all (12) 1 А according to B due to С thanks to D owing to 2 А motive B object С principle D cause 3 А number B measure С amount D part 4 А encourage B support С assist D help 5 А purposes B plans С ideas D functions 6 А occur B rise С happen D climb 7 А treats B uses С operates D employs 8 А symbolizes B makes С means D intends 9 А effects B powers C actions D conclusions 10 А wasted B spent С passed D occupied 11 А test B analyze С check D prove 12 А ways B means С costs D values
