на русском :
Рассказ «Аристократка» написан Михаилом Зощенко в 1923 году. Это было послереволюционное время в России. Только кончилась гражданская война, в России царила разруха и голод. Бывшие аристократы, интеллигенты, просто культурные и образованные люди стали немногочисленными и незаметными на фоне всплывшей на поверхность новой социальной прослойки – обывателей. Это люди невоспитанные, необразованные, примитивные, с убогой моралью. Обыватель характерен тем, что живет мелкими личными интересами, но не осознает своей пошлости, хамства и глупости, а наоборот, «как кавалер и у власти» и «лицо официальное» выставляет их напоказ.
В рассказе писатель очень тонко отмечает и обобщает признаки этого времени. Чем же отличались люди этого времени? Что в них было характерно?
Возьмем, например, речь главного героя. Никогда раньше приличный человек не выразился бы так, как выражается Григорий Иванович: «…не люблю баб, которые в шляпках», «…и не баба вовсе, а гладкое место», «стоит этакая фря», «как у вас, гражданка, в смысле порчи водопровода и уборной», «волочусь, что щука», «развернула свою идеологию», «ты, гражданка», ну и знаменитое «Ложи,— говорю,— взад!».
Речь «аристократки» так же убога: «Аж голова закрутилась», «мы привыкшие», «Довольно свинство с вашей стороны. Которые без денег — не ездют с дамами».
Или еще приметы времени: золотой зуб у «дамы», фильдекосовые чулочки, давно умершее слово «комячейка» (кто не знает – это коммунистическая ячейка). А чего стоит дамы «скушать» за один раз четыре пирожных! Это также очень тонко выраженная автором примета времени – скудного и голодного, когда пирожные недоступны и чрезвычайно дороги. Еще и удивительно, что у Григория Ивановича на них хватило денег. Да и не так уж он плох, по крайней мере, не жадный, сам предложил пирожными угоститься.
Вот такой у меня вышел портрет героев новой социальной эпохи: всякий аристократизм им чужд и враждебен.
На англиском :
The story "Aristocrat" was written by Mikhail Zoshchenko in 1923. It was a post-revolutionary time in Russia. The civil war was just over, devastation and famine reigned in Russia. Former aristocrats, intellectuals, simply cultural and educated people have become few and inconspicuous against the background of a new social stratum that has surfaced on the surface - the townsfolk. These are rude people, uneducated, primitive, with poor morality. The layman is characterized by the fact that he lives with petty personal interests, but does not realize his vulgarity, rudeness and stupidity, but rather, “as a gentleman and in power” and “official person” flaunts them.
In the story, the writer very subtly notes and summarizes the signs of this time. What was the difference between the people of this time? What was characteristic of them?
Take, for example, the speech of the protagonist. A decent person would never have expressed himself in the same way as Grigory Ivanovich puts it: “... I don’t like women who are in hats”, “... and not a woman at all, but a smooth place”, “there is such a fry”, “like you, citizen, in the sense of damage to the water supply system and the restroom ”,“ I am dragging myself like a pike ”,“ I have deployed my ideology ”,“ you, citizen ”, and the famous“ Lodges - I say - back! ”
The speech of the “aristocrat” is also miserable: “Already the head has twisted”, “we are used to it,” “Pretty disgusting of you. Which without money - do not go with the ladies. "
Or even the signs of the times: a “lady's” golden tooth, philedecos stockings, the long-dead word “lump” (who does not know, this is a communist cell). And what is the lady’s ability to “eat” four cakes at a time! It is also a very finely expressed by the author of the sign of time - lean and hungry, when the cakes are inaccessible and extremely expensive. It is also surprising that Grigory Ivanovich had enough money for them. Yes, and not so bad, at least not greedy, he himself offered to treat cakes.
This is my portrait of the heroes of the new social era: all aristocracy is alien and hostile to them.
ответ:
london would not be london without the river thames. it flows 215 miles across the english countryside and then through the heart of the great city before it reaches the sea. the thames has played an extremely important part in making england what it is today.
england had very few roads in the past, so the thames provided a major highway between london and many parts of the country. people could also send supplies of food and other goods to and from london by boat. in times of war, london was protected from sea attacks because they built castles and forts at the mouth of the river. people from the london area got their drinking water from the thames, and thirsty cows and sheep were a common sight along its banks.
with the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the thames became one of the busiest waterways in the world. factories made and exported goods of all kinds. so people became rich and many of them built beautiful houses along the banks oh the river. the famous writer charles dickens spent part of his childhood there and later wrote about the thames in his books.
today the thames has become a symbol of london, just as much as big ben or buckingham palace. if you take a stroll along its banks you'll have a day full of pleasant surprises. you can admire bridges built in many different architectural styles. the most famous one is probably tower bridge which actually opens up 1,000 times a year to let ships through. or you might be lucky enough to see london's rowing event, the oxford and cambridge boat race, which takes place on the river every spring. whether you're a londoner or a visitor, the thames will always have something to offer you.
