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TELEVISION
Television, also called TV, is one of the most important mass media. People with a television set can sit at home and can see and learn about people, animals and things in faraway lands. Millions of viewers around the world can watch sport events and other events of worldwide interest.
TV brings its viewers a steady stream of programmes that are designed to give information and to entertain. In fact, television provides more entertainment programmes than any other kind of mass media. The programmes include sport events, variety shows, quiz shows, feature films, cartoons, fictional serials called soap operas.
There are two main kinds of television stations: public stations and commercial stations. Public stations are supported by the government. They usually broadcast more educational programmes and programmes on cultural subjects. News and current affairs programmes make up an important section of programmes for most public television stations. Commercial television stations are run by private companies. They sell advertising time to pay for their operating costs and to make a profit for the companies that run the stations.
People can also subscribe to cable television system. Viewers pay a fee for this service. Cable television signals are delivered to home TV-sets of their customers by cables. Some cable systems carry more than one hundred channels – far more than can broadcast even in large urban areas.
Satellite broadcasting is another form of subscription television. The signals are transmitted to home TV-sets from a direct broadcasting satellite in space. The viewer must have a dish-receiver aerial to receive the programmes.
In Britain watching television is one of the great British pastimes. Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). The BBC receives its income from the Government, but the private companies controlled by the IBA earn money from advertising. The BBC has two channels. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV companies who broadcast their own programmes and those they have bought from other regions.
We may speak about different advantages and drawbacks of television but almost every home has at least one TV-set. On average, a TV-set is in use for about 7 hours each day. Thus, television is the most effective means of mass communication known to mankind. It has become people’s eyes and ears on the world.