Ruslan3252
31.12.2020 23:28

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Manufacturing is one of the most important applica¬tion area for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.
Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automa¬tion» refers to automated machines in which the equip¬ment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product style to another. This form of automation needs high initial in¬vestments and high production rates. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assem¬bly machines and certain chemical processes.
Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. Pro¬duction rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each differ¬ent product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer program.
Flexible automation is a kind of programmable au¬tomation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equip¬ment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the pro¬duction equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.

Exercise 1. General understanding:
1. What is the most important application of automa¬tion?
2. What are the types of automation used in manu¬facturing?
3. What is fixed automation?
4. What are the limitations of hard automation?
5. What is the best example of programmable auto¬mation?
6. What are the limitations of programmable automa¬tion?
7. What are the advantages of flexible automation?
8. Is it possible to produce different products one af¬ter another using automation technology?
Exercise 2. Find equivalents in English in the text:
1. сфера применения
2. фиксированная последовательность операций
3. автоматические сборочные машины
4. определенные химические процессы
5. станок с числовым программным управлением
6. потерянное производственное время
7. разнообразная продукция
Exercise 3. Explain in English what does the following mean:
1. automation technology
2. fixed automation
3. assembly machines
4. non-productive time
5. programmable automation
6. computer terminal
7. numerical-control machine-tool

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Ответ:
Илья2519
02.02.2021 01:57

ответ: present Simple :

1) I usually wake up at 7 o’clock

2) I always wash my head on time

3) Bus arrives at half past nine o’clock

4) I don’t like horror movies

5) I love my parents

6) It often snows in winter

7) Kate speaks English very well

Present Perfect:

1) I can’t walk because I have broken my leg

2) Ann has already decided to visit her grandparents

3) I have never listened this music before

4) Jack has bought a new car

5) I haven’t walked with my dog yet

6) Our teacher has worked in this school for 15 years

7) I have lived in this flat since my childhood

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Ответ:
anastasiya2056
02.02.2021 01:57

ответ:There is a popular belief that every girl should be able to dance. This point of view seems very correct to me, since plasticity and grace are the main components of female attractiveness.

I have been dancing since I was 7. I have tried a lot of dance styles: folk dance, elegant ballroom dance, ballet dance and even lively hip-hop and break-dance. I was really fond of slow waltz, tango, rumba, salsa and cha-cha-cha. I liked that all Latin dances were hot and optimistic.

When you compete in dance competitions for almost thirteen years, it begins to become a part of you.My best friend Deija and I have this word that we say before competition the word is ''trust'. Her and I say it back and forth before we go on stage, she and I say ''trust'' because it makes us confident and we trust that we'll do very good when we get on that stage.

So, the day of the competition has come. In the hall where the competitions were held, panic seized me again. I became afraid, everyone was afraid. The older girls set us up to believe that everything would be fine, that we knew our dance perfectly well. Finally, our number was announced. We went on stage. I saw my mother in the hall, she was smiling at me tenderly. Her smile gave me strength and courage. The music started, we started dancing. I danced and realized that I wanted to laugh with happiness, from how beautiful our dance is. The performance is over. The coach and parents praised us. We did everything right without mistakes and blots. It's time to announce the results. We all went on stage. They named the team that took the third place, then the second place. We were already starting to get upset that we had lost, when suddenly they announced that we had taken the first place. We screamed, jumped and cried with happiness. We were given a cup, which we almost dropped from excitement, medals and diplomas. It was very cool.

After that, there were many more performances at competitions, there were victories, but most of all I remember my first victory.

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