Read the extract from a magazine article quickly. In what way is positive psychology different from previous branches of psychology? For questions 1 - 8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Positive Psychology For anyone involved in the field, the term 'positive psychology' has (0) become a familiar one in recent years. The term is attached to a movement which seeks to restore (1) are regarded as ‘positive’ features of human nature, such as happiness, virtues, personal strengths and altruism, (2) their rightful place within the field of psychology. The movement can be seen as a reaction to a perceived over-emphasis on mental illness, (3) the expense of mental health, in the study of psychology. (4) the term positive psychology was actually coined by humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow as (5) back as 1964, neither the term nor the intellectual approach surrounding it really took (6) until Martin Seligman made it the centrepiece of his presidency of the American Psychological Association in 1998. (7) then the movement has (8) ground across the USA and beyond, with popular authors, like former New York Times writer Daniel Goleman, playing a major role in fuelling its widespread appeal.

When Jed Thomas decided

to take up running, he

was determined to run a

marathon in less than three

hours. One winter's morning

he was running when he

fell down a hole. He can

remember much about the

accident but knows he was in a lot of pain and couldn't

stand up. Luckily, he was able to phone an

ambulance. When the paramedics arrived, he can't

move his right leg, but not his left, so they took

him to hospital. He'd broken bones in his foot and

damaged his knee. He needed physiotherapy. At

first, the treatment was really painful, but after six

weeks he was walking again. Today, he can run

again and he hopes that he can take part in fun

runs next year. In the future, he hopes he will be able to run a

marathon, but he can't do it in under three hours for

a long time.

I live in Karaganda. I love my city. In the Karaganda region there are large enterprises for coal mining, machine building, metalworking and food industry. A large number of transport, education and communications enterprises operate in the city. Today Karaganda is a large industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of Kazakhstan. My city is very cultured. There are about fifty monuments of history and culture in the city. Leaving the city limits, you can see beautiful forests. I like my city, it is both a cultural capital and an industrial one. There is a place to relax!