1.Put the following words / phrases in the open places to complete the sentences.
circuitry, wires, set, access, hackers, model trains, offered, rail road club, efficient,
presented, information, art, belonged, mistrust, change, endeavor, bogus criteria,
available, bonafide, free reign, exhilaration, innovation, Hacker’s Ethic.

1) The first “hackers” were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) who to the Tech Model Railroad Club.
2) Some of the members really built .
3) But many were more interested in the and circuits underneath the track
platform.
4) Spending hours at TMRC creating better was called “a mere hack”.
5) Those members who were interested in creating innovative, stylistic, and
technically clever circuits called themselves (with pride) .
6) During the spring of 1959, a new course was at MIT, a freshman
programming class.
7) Soon the hackers of the were spending days, hours, and nights hacking
away at their computer, an IMB 704.
8) Instead of creating a better circuit, their hack became creating faster, more
program - with the least number of lines of code.
9) Eventually they formed a group and created the first of hacker’s rules,
called the .
10) Steven Levy, in his book Hackers, the rules.
11) Rule 1: to computers – and anything, which might teach you, something
about the way the worlds works – should be unlimited and total.
12) Rule 2: All should be free.
13) Rule 3: authority, promote decentralization.
14) Rule 4: Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not such as degrees,
race, or position.
15) Rule 5: You can create and beauty on a computer.
16) Rule 6: Computers can your life for better.
17) These rules made programming at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory a
challenging, all encompassing .
18) Just for the of programming, students in the AI Lab would write a
new program to perform even the smallest task.
19) The program would be made to others who would try to perform the
same task with fewer instructions.
20) The act of making the computer work more elegantly was, to a hacker,
awe-inspiring,
21) Hackers were given on the computer by two AI lab professors, “Uncle”
John McCarthy and Marvin Misky, who realized that hacking created new insights.