КАК МОЖНО БЫСТРЕЕ 2. Найдите в тексте предложения с Passive Voice, выпишите их, подчеркнув компоненты Passive. Напишите общую формулу Passive Voice. Переведите эти предложения. 3. Письменно задайте к тексту 8-10 вопросов всех видов на английском языке. Рядом с каждым вопросом в скобках укажите, какой это вид вопроса (общий, специальный и т.п.). A supermarket is a store that sells a wide variety of goods including food and alcohol, medicine, clothes, and other household products that are consumed regularly. It is often part of a chain that owns or controls (sometimes by franchise) other supermarkets located in the same or other towns; this increases the opportunities for economies of scale. Supermarkets usually offer products at low prices by reducing margins. To maintain a profit supermarkets attempt to make up for the low margins with a high volume of sales. Customers usually shop be putting their products into trolleys (shopping carts) or baskets (self-service) and pay for the products at the check-out. At present, many supermarket chains are trying to reduce labour costs (and thus margins) further by shifting to self-service check-out machines, where a group of four or five machines is supervised by a single assistant. A larger full-service supermarket combined with a department store is known as a hypermarket. Other services that supermarkets may have include cafйs, creches, photo development, pharmacies, and/or petrol stations. Early retailers did not trust their customers. In many stores, all products had to be fetched by an assistant from high shelves on one side of a counter while the customer stood on the other side and pointed to what they wanted. This was obviously labour-intensive and quite expensive. The concept of a self-service grocery store was developed by Clarence Saunders and his Piggly Wiggly stores, and A&P was the most successful of the early chains, having become common in American cities in the 1920s. The general trend in retail since then has been to stack shelves at night and let the customer get their own goods and bring them to the front of the store to pay for them. Although there is a higher risk of shoplifting, the costs of appropriate security measures will be ideally outweighed by the economies of scale and reduced labour costs. The first true supermarket was opened by ex-Kroger employee Michael J. Cullen, in 1930 in a 6,000 square foot (560 mІ) former garage in Jamaica, Queens, New York. The store, titled King Kullen, following King Kong, operated under the slogan "Pile it high. Sell it low." When Cullen died in 1936, there were fifteen stores in operation.

Nowadays travelling is a popular activity among people. It is very interesting to see new places, another towns and countries. People like travelling and they travel a lot. They can travel for pleasure or on business.

There are different methods of travelling. You can travel by plane, by ship, by train or by car. Some people travel on foot.  You can go along little lanes where the fast car can’t go. You can wander through meadows, pass quite lakes and wonderful woods. Also you can see wild animals and flowers in the forest. You can feel the beauty of nature.  But I think, it’s not a very comfortable way of traveling, because you can get tired very quickly.

I’m very fond of travelling and I prefer to travel by train. I think it’s very pleasant. Especially if you have a comfortable seat in a railway carriage you can have a splendid view of the countryside. If the journey is long, you can sleep and have a good rest. Moreover, I consider, big railway stations are quite excited places. There are crowds of people, the porters pull the luggage along the platforms, and hungry passengers hurry to the refreshment rooms.

Some people prefer to travel by plane. I can say it is, of course, comfortable and convenient method of travelling. And it is much quicker than any other method, but, I think, it’s more dangerous. Moreover nowadays there are a lot of accidents and plane wrecks.

For a change you can travel by ship. During such voyage you can enjoy the sea or the ocean. It’s very exciting to watch the rise and fall of waves, to feel the fresh wind and hear the cry of the seagulls. But everything will be pleasant on board if you are not sea-sick.

Tours by car are also very popular. The main advantage of this method is that you are quite independent. You don’t have to watch a timetable or buy any tickets. You can stop at any place you like and see sights at a short time. And you can drive in any direction.

I think that if you go abroad you should know foreign languages, because they can help you to communicate with people in a foreign country, and you willfeel more confortebl

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«From the History of Football»
(text in English with Passive Voice )Words to understand:
allow — разрешать
for a purpose — с целью
whether — ли
both hands and feet — как руки, так и ноги
disappointed — разочарованный
lose patience — потерять терпение
struggle — борьба
hold — держать
introduce — вводить в практику
prevent from — мешать
Ball games were well known hundreds of years ago. They didn’t take place in the stadiums or on football fields (pitches). They were played in squares and streets of the cities and villages, and they are dangerous to windows and doors of the houses.
People in those days were so excited about these games that they used to leave their work to take part in a game. That’s why at the beginning of the 17th century special laws were made against playing ball games. Nobody was allowed to play, and for two hundred and fifty years there were no games in Europe.
People began to play again in the second half of the 19th century.
In 1863, a meeting was called in a tavern in Great Queen Street, London, for the purpose of deciding the rules of the games. The main question was whether the players must use both their hands and feet, or only their feet. There was much excitement at the meeting. Shouts of “Only feet” came from one end of the hall. “Hands and feet” came from the other end . At last the disappointed “hands and feet” group saw that they could not win, they lost patience and left the hall, giving up struggle. The meeting then became quieter and thirteen rules of football were agreed on. In 1863, they were published and became the international rules of the game all over the world.
The rules fixed the number of men in a team: the team has a goal-keeper, one full-back, one half-back and eight forwards. Only the goalkeeper could hold the ball in his hands.
Within the time the rules were changing, for example, the sound of referee’s whistle was heard for the first time in 1878. Before that time, the referees shouted to the players, or made signals with their arms. The goal, as we see it today, was introduced in 1891. The same year was the introduction of the eleven-meter penalty kick. At first, the goalkeeper was allowed to move six meters to defend his goal. He could cross from one corner of the goal to the other to prevent the player from making the penalty kick. But the rule was introduced fixing the position of the goalkeeper, and forcing him to stand without moving before the penalty kick was made.
In 1925, the rules were changed for the last time.
Questions to the text:
Why were ball games not always allowed by law?
When were the football rules published?
Did they change within the time?
How many players are there in a team?
What are they?
Do you know the name of a game which is similar to football but players can hold the ball in their hands?