To be sure, the mining industry has been environmentally slow. Although great strides have been made (the US has the most environmentally sound mining in the world), the mining industry generally has been very slow to do a better job. The result is mistrust of the industry. Yet, the industry understands the problem as well as anyone. They only need more incentive to be part of the solution, indeed, an environmental leader.
Recycling is sometimes posed as an alternative to mining. This formulation is also the wrong way to frame the issue. To say that mining impacts can be lessened by recycling is true, but recycling is only part of the solution. There will always be a need for new earth materials, particularly if human population continues to grow and less developed countries continue to industrialize.
Toward a Solution
The solution to this problem is to develop new approaches to mining that, individually and collectively, serve to reduce dramatically its impacts – while at the same time improving its efficiency and economics. Economic improvement is critical, because if impact reduction does not involve economic benefit it will not be willingly and widely adopted. Fortunately, there are a number of promising strategies for reducing mining's impact and improving its balance sheet. For example:
Identify and Develop New Chemical Technologies.
The waste rock chemicals from mining and milling can be removed and turned into useful products. Total control over the chemical content of the rock is required. For example, why isn't waste sulfur used to produce acid for the manufacturing industry?
Identify and Develop Co-Products and Processes.
Mines move a lot of rock that winds up as waste. Other mines produce rock that is used as building, construction, and pavement aggregate. An obvious question is why isn't waste rock used as aggregate? The answer may be that new ways of product separation are needed or that new formulations of concrete and asphalt may be required.
Both approaches may be interesting areas of research.

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