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SHALE GAS IS ONE OF THE LEAST SUSTAINABLE WAYS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY, RESEARCH FINDS

The major study, which is the first of its kind, considered envi-ronmental, economic and social sustainability of shale gas in the UK and compared it to other electricity generating options. These were coal, nuclear, natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), solar photovoltaics (PV), wind, hydro and biomass.
The study, published in Science of The Total Environment, com-pared shale gas and the other electricity options against 18 sustainabil-ity indicators. Of these, 11 were environmental, three economic and four social. Examples of the indicators considered include climate change impacts, environmental pollution, costs of electricity, creation of jobs and public perceptions.
The Government believes shale gas has the potential to provide the UK with greater energy security, growth and jobs. And it is "en-couraging safe and environmentally sound exploration to determine this potential."
But the researchers found that for shale gas to be considered as sustainable as the best options, such as wind and solar PV, huge im-provements would be needed.
This includes a 329-fold reduction in environmental impacts and 16 times higher employment in the sector.
The environmental and social sustainability of shale gas would also need to improve by up to a 100 times for it to compete with do-mestic natural gas and imported LNG.
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Prof. Adisa Azapagic, from the School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, says: 'Many countries are considering exploita-tion of shale gas but its overall sustainability is disputed. Previous studies focused mainly on environmental aspects of shale gas, largely in the US, with scant information on socio-economic aspects'.
Whilst the current Government and industry are keen to develop shale gas, Scotland has banned fracking and in the rest of the UK there is strong opposition. This comes from numerous stakeholders, includ-ing non-governmental organisations (NGOs), local residents and ac-tivists across the country.
The impacts on the environment from fracking are the main ar-gument against the exploitation of shale gas. But its supporters high-light improved national energy security and economic development as key benefits.
Prof. Azapagic, Professor of Sustainable Chemical Engineering, added: 'The results of this study clearly show that, assuming equal importance of the environmental, economic and social aspects, shale gas ranks seventh out of the nine electricity options, which means most other options for electricity generation are more sustainable.
'The results also suggest that any future electricity mix would be more sustainable with a lower rather than a higher share of shale gas.'
The research team says these results can now help inform UK policy makers, industry, NGOs and consumers. They will also be of interest to other countries considering exploitation of shale gas.