Oh no! She (drop) the plate! The garden is very green. It (rain) a lot this month.
These are my favourite trousers. I (have) them for five years.
Tom's my best friend. I (know) him for three years.
They (live) in Miami for two years.
Jo has earache. He (have) it since 7 o'clock.
Brad (live) in Chicago since 1998.​

Oh no! She dropped the plate! The past simple tense is used here to talk about an action that happened and finished in the past. The word "dropped" is the past simple form of the verb "drop", which means to accidentally let something fall.

The garden is very green. The present simple tense is used here to talk about a general fact or a permanent situation. The word "is" is the present simple form of the verb "be", which is used to describe a state or condition.

It has been raining a lot this month. The present perfect continuous tense is used here to talk about an action that started in the past and is still happening. The word "has been raining" is the present perfect continuous form of the verb "rain", which is used to describe an ongoing action.

These are my favorite trousers. I have had them for five years. The present perfect tense is used here to talk about an action that started in the past and is still relevant in the present. The word "have had" is the present perfect form of the verb "have". It is used to show possession or ownership.

Tom's my best friend. I have known him for three years. The present perfect tense is used here to talk about an action that started in the past and is still relevant in the present. The word "have known" is the present perfect form of the verb "know". It is used to talk about the duration of time in which you have had a particular knowledge or relationship with someone.

They have been living in Miami for two years. The present perfect continuous tense is used here to talk about an action that started in the past and is still happening. The word "have been living" is the present perfect continuous form of the verb "live". It is used to describe an ongoing action.

Jo has had an earache. He has had it since 7 o'clock. The present perfect tense is used here to talk about an action that started in the past and is still relevant in the present. The word "has had" is the present perfect form of the verb "have". It is used to show possession or experience.

Brad has been living in Chicago since 1998. The present perfect continuous tense is used here to talk about an action that started in the past and is still happening. The word "has been living" is the present perfect continuous form of the verb "live". It is used to describe an ongoing action or state.