Task 1. Read and make up a vocabulary of unknown words. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct time. Some years ago, Santa Luisa 1 … (be) popular for stag and hens, in other words, when large groups of young men (stags) and women (hens) 2 … (arrive) in town and 3 … (party) all night celebrating before one of the group 4 … (get) married. Rowdy and drunken behavior 5 … (be) common. The bars and nightclubs 6 … (become) places where people 7 … (deal) drugs, and there 8 … (be) beggars and pickpockets on the streets. However, things 9 … (change). Now, the local police (=they) 10 … (send) extra personnel to the town center, so more officers 11 … (patrol) the streets. They 12 … (detain) drunken offenders and 13 … (confiscate) the alcohol. Police officers also 14 … (arrest) people who 15 … (deal) with drugs and 16 … (remove) beggars from the tourist areas.

7.a) Несмотря на to the Renaissance, многие ученики были расстроены.
Обоснование: В тексте упоминается, что многие ученики были расстроены, поэтому используется союз "несмотря на" для выражения противопоставления их чувствам к результатам эпохи Возрождения.

7.b) a) A lot of students were upset when the school Art History lessons fell away.

Обоснование: В предложении упоминается, что многие ученики были расстроены, а также указывается причина их расстройства - отсутствие уроков истории искусства в школе. В данном случае было решено отменить эти уроки, поэтому используется фразовый глагол "fall away" (уходить, исчезать).

b) I'm afraid I never got round to reading the book about Leonardo da Vinci.

Обоснование: Здесь говорится о том, что говорящий никогда не приступил к чтению книги о Леонардо да Винчи. Используется фразовый глагол "get round to" (браться за что-то, найти время для чего-то), чтобы выразить, что говорящий никогда не нашёл время для чтения книги.

3) 15th century inventors came up with the concepts for a lot of modern machines.

Обоснование: В тексте указывается, что изобретатели 15 века придумали концепции для множества современных машин. Здесь используется фразовый глагол "come up with" (придумывать, разрабатывать) для выражения создания новых идей и концепций.

4) When he failed to sell any paintings, he fell back on his career in retail to make money.

Обоснование: В предложении говорится о том, что, не смог продать свои картины, он прибегнул к своей карьере в розничной торговле, чтобы заработать деньги. Здесь используется фразовый глагол "fall back on" (прибегнуть к) для выражения того, что человек обращается к чему-либо в случае неудачи или неуспеха.

5) Exposure to other cultures was one factor that brought about the Renaissance.

Обоснование: Здесь говорится о том, что знакомство с другими культурами было одним из факторов, которые вызвали Возрождение. Здесь используется фразовый глагол "bring about" (вызывать, приводить к) для выражения причинного отношения между экспозицией к другим культурам и возникновением эпохи Возрождения.

1) The radio has given a frost and icy warning for car drivers tomorrow.
Explanation: The word "frost" refers to very cold weather conditions with a formation of ice crystals on surfaces. An "icy warning" means that the roads might be slippery due to the presence of ice. This warning is being given to car drivers to be cautious while driving.

2) Hail is frozen raindrops which fall as little hard balls.
Explanation: Hail refers to frozen precipitation in the form of ice pellets. It is different from regular rain as it freezes before reaching the ground and falls as small, hard balls of ice.

3) The day was windless, without moving clouds.
Explanation: The word "windless" means without wind or a calm atmosphere. The mention of "moving clouds" suggests that there was no visible movement or change in the appearance of the clouds in the sky.

4) The sun will evaporate the water.
Explanation: Evaporation refers to the process of liquid turning into vapor. In this case, the sun's heat will cause the water to transform into a gaseous state.

5) He could hear thunder over the hills.
Explanation: Thunder is the sound that follows a flash of lightning during a storm. It is often heard as a loud rumbling noise and can be heard over long distances.

6) The humidity in the air makes my old bones hurt.
Explanation: Humidity refers to the amount of moisture present in the air. The mention of "old bones hurt" suggests that high humidity can cause discomfort or pain, especially for someone who is older.

7) The atmosphere in the room was hot and smoky.
Explanation: The word "atmosphere" refers to the overall feeling or environment in a particular place. In this case, the room had a hot and smoky atmosphere, indicating that it was warm and filled with smoke.

8) The humidity has been measured and found higher than ever.
Explanation: Humidity here refers to the amount of moisture present in the air. The statement suggests that the level of humidity has been measured and found to be higher than any previous measurements.

9) The annual rainfall there is only four centimeters.
Explanation: Rainfall refers to the amount of rain that falls over a specific area during a specific period. The statement suggests that in that particular place, the average annual rainfall is only four centimeters.

10) Yellow lightning filled the streets and hid the daylight.
Explanation: Lightning is a bright flash of electricity that occurs during a storm. The mention of "yellow lightning" suggests the color of the lightning. The statement further explains that the lightning was so intense that it filled the streets and made it difficult to see during the daytime.

11) He was out too long in the blistering heat of the sun.
Explanation: The word "blistering" in this context means extremely hot or scorching. The statement suggests that the person stayed outside in the intense heat of the sun for a prolonged period of time.

12) It has been a mild winter this year.
Explanation: The word "mild" suggests that the winter had a moderate or pleasant temperature. It implies that the winter season was not excessively cold compared to previous years.

13) A great flash of lightning lit the night sky.
Explanation: Lightning is often associated with a bright flash of light. The statement suggests that there was a significant or impressive display of lightning that illuminated the night sky.

14) The old tree was blown in a gale.
Explanation: A gale refers to a strong and gusty wind. The statement suggests that the old tree was blown or knocked down due to the forceful wind.

15) I went out and was caught in a shower.
Explanation: A shower refers to a short period of rain. The statement suggests that the person went outside and unexpectedly got caught in a rainstorm.