. State whether the ing-form is a participle, a gerund, or a verbal noun 1. Looking back upon that time was like remembering something that had happened long ago, when he was much younger. 2.Looking back upon that time, I thought that all might have been different hadit not been For the interference of my parents. 3. Dave lived there like a rent-paying tenant, his comings and goings being of small concern to the others. 4.The distraught Jenny, sitting by her sleeping child, was at last made to realize, by its peaceful breathing, that all danger was over. 5. She left off ringing, and, sitting down at the top of the stairs, buried her face in her hands. 6. With a sudden tightening of the muscles he became aware of a figure walking noiselessly beside him. 7. There was the sound of rocking a chair in the room, and of a woman singing. 8.He cursed himself for having come, and at the same time resolved that, happen what would, having come, he would carry it through.

2. Combine or paraphrase the following sentences, using non-finite forms of the verb (give several variants where possible).
1. He tore the envelope open and took out the enclosed letter. He turned it several times in his hand and put it back unread. 2. When Andrew was reinforced by this information he immediately went down to the hall and rang up his wife. 3. We came to the party; we found everybody gathered. 4. He wanted me to speak in public; he insisted on it. 5. Martin poured out the wine clumsily and spilt some of it on the table cloth. 6. Every oilier minute he would push up his sleeve and look at the watch. 7. He reads into the early hours of the morning. This habit of his will have its say on his health one fine day. 8. When lie saw me in tin's dress he burst into laughter. He couldn't help it. 9. If such machines are applied in agriculture, they will save farmers much time and labour. 10.They made the garden shady; they had planted more trees in it.