Look at this writing task and make notes to answer the questions. Use your imagination if n Articles wanted
Many ordinary people don't care for the environment as much as they could.
We want to change that! Send us your articles explaining the two most
important things ordinary people can do to help the environment.
The best articles will appear in a special issue and win a prize!
1. What is one thing ordinary people can do to help the environment? (e.g. produce less waste
2. Is there a good example you can use? (e.g. Buy products with less packaging.)
3. Give a reason why this helps. (e.g. It means less waste to burn or bury.)
4. What is another thing they can do?
5. Is there a good example you can use?
6. Give a reason why this helps.
Write your article (about 120-180 words). Follow the plan.
Part
Title
Purpose - show clearly what you are writing about
Paragraph 1
Purpose - make a connection with th
НАПИСАТТ ЭССЕ

Unit 2 Progress Test B Grammar:

1. The boy was sitting on a bench in the park, reading a book.
Explanation: In this sentence, we use the past continuous form "was sitting" to describe an ongoing action that was happening in the past, and the past simple form "reading" to describe the action that happened at the same time.

2. The man took my handbag while I was sitting in the restaurant.
Explanation: Here, we use the past simple form "took" to describe the action that happened in the past, and the past continuous form "was sitting" to describe the ongoing action at that time.

3. The policeman noticed the blood on the floor when he first entered the room.
Explanation: In this sentence, we use the past simple form "noticed" to describe a completed action that happened in the past, and the past simple form "entered" to describe another completed action that happened after the first action.

4. I was trying to sleep when the doorbell rang.
Explanation: Here, we use the past continuous form "was trying" to describe the ongoing action of trying to sleep, and the past simple form "rang" to describe the action that interrupted the ongoing action.

5. The accident happened because the man was driving and talking on his mobile phone at the same time.
Explanation: In this sentence, we use the past simple form "happened" to describe the completed action of the accident, and the past continuous forms "was driving" and "was talking" to describe the ongoing actions that were happening at the same time.

6. When I reached the other side of the lake, I felt safe.
Explanation: Here, we use the past simple form "reached" to describe the completed action of reaching the other side of the lake, and the past simple form "felt" to describe the resulting feeling after reaching the other side.

7. While I was doing my English exam, I decided to ask for a drink.
Explanation: In this sentence, we use the past continuous form "was doing" to describe the ongoing action of doing the English exam, and the past simple form "decided" to describe the decision that was made during that ongoing action.

8. I saw the money on the ground as I was walking to school.
Explanation: Here, we use the past simple form "saw" to describe the completed action of seeing the money, and the past continuous form "was walking" to describe the ongoing action of walking to school when the money was seen.

9. They started climbing very early in the morning because they wanted to reach the top by midday.
Explanation: In this sentence, we use the past simple form "started" to describe the completed action of starting the climb, and the past simple form "wanted" to describe the desire or intention that led to the action.

10. I sprained my ankle while I was playing basketball.
Explanation: Here, we use the past simple form "sprained" to describe the completed action of spraining the ankle, and the past continuous form "was playing" to describe the ongoing action of playing basketball when the ankle was sprained.

Mark: ___ / 10

Reading:

1. The sun was shining and Tom was having a lovely time fishing, (no mistake).
Explanation: The sentence is grammatically correct with no mistakes.

2. when suddenly he realized there was a handbag in the middle of the river.
Correction: when suddenly he realized there was (no extra word) a handbag in the middle of the river.
Explanation: The word "realizing" should be replaced with "realized" as it is the correct past simple form of the verb "realize".

3. On the other side of the river, a woman was trying to get the bag with her umbrella.
Correction: On the other side of the river, a woman was trying to get the bag (no extra word) with her umbrella.
Explanation: The word "trying" is correct, but the word "trying to get" should be together without any extra word.

4. While Tom saw the woman having trouble, he decided to help her.
Correction: While Tom saw the woman (no extra word) having trouble, he decided to help her.
Explanation: The word "was" should be removed as it is an extra word that is not needed in the sentence.

5. He used his walking pole to try to get the handbag, but that did not work.
Correction: He used his walking pole to try to get the handbag, but (no extra word) that did not work.
Explanation: The phrase "but that" is correct, but the word "not" should be added after "did" to form the correct negative form "did not".

6. So he took off his shoes, climbed into the river, and swam across to the bag.
Correction: So he took off his shoes, (no extra word) climbed into the river, and swam across to the bag.
Explanation: The word "did" is an extra word that should be removed from the sentence.

7. Then he threw the bag across the river to the woman.
Correction: Then he (no extra word) threw the bag across the river to the woman.
Explanation: The word "was" is an extra word that should be removed from the sentence.

8. She caught the bag and checked that all her things were in it.
Correction: She caught the bag and checked that all her things (no extra word) were in it.
Explanation: The word "was" should be replaced with "were" to match the plural noun "things".

9. Then she took out a ten-pound note and folded it so that it looked like a boat.
Correction: Then she took out a ten-pound note and folded it (no extra word) so that it looked like a boat.
Explanation: The word "was" is an extra word that should be removed from the sentence.

10. Shortly afterward, she put the little boat on the river, and it sailed across to Tom.
Explanation: The sentence is grammatically correct with no mistakes.

Mark: ___ / 10

Vocabulary:

1. Nauru is a small rock island in the Pacific Ocean, almost 4,000 km from Australia.

2. Primrose Hill in Regent’s Park is only 78 m high, but you can get a great view of London from the top!

3. When Mount Vesuvius – the volcano – erupted in 79 AD, it destroyed the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

4. Tower Bridge across the River Thames in London is a famous tourist attraction.

5. Some of the trees in the Black Forest are very old.

6. Parliament Street in the city of Exeter, England, is so narrow that two people can’t walk together at the same time.

7. Loch Ness in Scotland is a very deep lake – it’s over 226 m from the surface to the bottom!

8. The Nile is 6,853 km long, but only 2.8 km wide, from shore to shore.

Mark: ___ / 8

Complete the sentences with the words below: boots, dinghy, life jacket, paddles, paintballing, poles, rope, orienteering.

1. I always take a rope with me when I go climbing.
Explanation: When going climbing, it is essential to have a rope for safety and support.

2. When I went kayaking, I broke my paddles and had to use my hands to get to the edge of the river.
Explanation: Paddles are used for propelling a kayak in the water, and breaking them would make it necessary to use hands for movement.

3. People who go kayaking usually wear a life jacket for safety.
Explanation: A life jacket is crucial when kayaking to provide buoyancy and safety in case of an accident.

4. Good boots are really important if you’re walking a long way and you want to protect your feet.
Explanation: Boots are essential for walking long distances as they provide support, comfort, and protection for the feet.

5. When I went out to sea with my friends, I dropped my hat over the side of the dinghy.
Explanation: A dinghy is a small boat used for various water activities, and hats can accidentally fall overboard.

6. Orienteering is a good sport to do if you like looking at maps.
Explanation: Orienteering is a sport that involves navigating through various checkpoints using a map and compass.

Mark: ___ / 6

Replace the simple adjectives in brackets with extreme adjectives.

1. Watching the BASE jumpers land safely in the valley was fantastic (very good).
2. After we had walked 50 km across the desert, I was starving (very hungry).
3. The place where we stayed when we were hiking was filthy (very dirty).
4. That meal we had at the Chinese restaurant last night was delicious (very tasty).
5. The brown bear that was walking towards us looked enormous (very big).
6. What we could see from the top of the mountain was astonishing (very surprising).

Mark: ___ / 6

Semi-conductors find wide application in designing electronic counters because they react to all kinds of radiations. They are typically used in the (where) part of the question to detect and measure the presence of radiation.

Semi-conductors are materials that have electrical properties between those of conductors (like metals) and insulators (like rubber). They have the ability to conduct electricity under certain conditions, making them very useful in electronics.

In the case of electronic counters, semi-conductors are used to detect and measure radiation. Different types of radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, can interact with a semi-conductor and cause it to produce electrical signals. These signals can then be used to count and measure the intensity of the radiation.

One example of where semi-conductors are used in electronic counters is in Geiger-Muller tubes. These tubes contain a gas-filled chamber with a wire electrode, and the walls of the chamber are coated with a layer of semi-conductor material. When a radiation particle passes through the chamber, it ionizes the gas molecules, creating an electrical discharge. This discharge is then detected and measured by the semi-conductor material, allowing for the counting and measurement of radiation.

Now, let's move on to the second part of the question: "One of the main engineering problems which could be solved by using semi-conductor was converting heat into electricity without using boilers or other machines." This concept is known as thermoelectric conversion.

Thermoelectric conversion refers to the process of converting heat energy into electrical energy directly, without the need for traditional energy conversion methods such as boilers or turbines. This can be accomplished using a device called a thermoelectric generator, which relies on the principle of the Seebeck effect.

The Seebeck effect states that when two dissimilar metals, or semi-conductors, are joined together to form a circuit and there is a temperature difference between the two junctions, a potential difference, or voltage, is created across the circuit. This potential difference can then be used to generate electric current.

By utilizing semi-conductors with appropriate properties, thermoelectric generators can convert waste heat from various sources, such as industrial processes or car engines, into useful electrical power. This offers a way to harness and utilize energy that would otherwise go to waste, providing an efficient and environmentally friendly energy generation method.

In conclusion, semi-conductors are widely used in designing electronic counters because they can react to different types of radiation, allowing for the measurement and detection of radiation. Additionally, semi-conductors can be used to solve engineering problems, such as converting heat into electricity without the need for boilers or other machines, through thermoelectric conversion. This demonstrates the versatility and importance of semi-conductors in various technological applications.