Some hundreds of years ago people lived in harmony with nature, because industry was not much developed. Today, however, the contradictions between man and nature are dramatic.
The twenty first century is a century of the scientific and technological progress. The achievements of the mankind in mechanization and automation of industrial processes, in chemical industry and conquering outer space, in the creation of atomic power stations and ships are amazing. But at the same time, this progress gave birth to a very serious problem – the problem of environment.
Ecology and the contamination of environment, is concerned with climate, over-population in certain areas, deaths of plant and animals, chemical contamination of seas, lakes and rivers as well as atomic experiments and dumping of atomic waste from power stations. Floods, unexpected draughts, and the greenhouse effect are the next reasons.
There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid rain. Another one is water shortage resulting from abuse of arable lands in agriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth problem is damage o water and soils.
The fifth one is damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear. At last, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result of the abovementioned consequences. This is the danger for the life and health of the man.
The protection of natural resources and wildlife is becoming a political programme in every country. Numerous anti-pollution acts passed in different countries led to considerable improvements in environment. In many countries purifying systems for treatment of industrial waters have been installed, measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters.
But the environmental problems have grown beyond the concern of a single country. Their solution requires the co-operation of all nations. If we are unable to learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by man’s activities, very soon we’ll have no world to live in.
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on individual, organizational or governmental level, for the benefit of the natural environment and (or) humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently.
This has been recognized and governments began placing restraints on activities that caused environmental degradation. Since the 1960s activism by the environmental movement has created awareness of the various environmental issues. There is not a full agreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity and protection measures are occasionally criticized.
Academic institutions now offer courses such as environmental studies, environmental management and environmental engineering that study the history and methods of environmental protection. Protection of the environment is needed from various human activities. Waste, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and the introduction of invasive species are some of the issues relating to environmental protection.
1. Чем известен Александр Пушкин? - Alexander Pushkin is famous for being Russia's greatest poet,novelist and playwright.
2. Когда и где родился Пушкин? - Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow.
3. Где он получил свое образование? - He got his education from the Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo.
4. Когда Пушкин начал писать?- Pushkin began writing when he was only six years old.
5. Когда были опубликованы его первые стихотворения? - His first poem was published in the journal The Messenger of Europe in 1814 when he was fifteen years old.
6. Какие его работы самые известные? - There are many famous works written by Pushkin such as Ruslan and Ludmila, The Captain's Daughter, Eugene Onegin, and many more.
7. Когда и где происходит действие в его романах? - (про капитанская дочь) The Captain's Daughter novel was set in Russia during the reign of Catherine the Great at the time of Pugachev's Rebellion in 1773–1774.
8. О чем он писал в своих романах? - (тоже про капитанская дочь) In this novel he described the life of an honourable man Pyotr Andreyich Grinyov, who was sent into military service by his father. There he met his captain's daughter Masha and fell in love with her but this caused a rift between Pyotr and his fellow officer Shvabrin. Later on during Pugachev's Rebellion, Pyotr was accused of having friendly relations with Pugachev because Shvabrin testified that Pyotr was a traitor. Pyotr was imprisoned because of that accusation but later was set free because Masha managed to convince Empress Catherine the Great of his innocence. Basically, the novel romanticised account of Pugachev's Rebellion and described the importance of honour and loyalty.
9. Когда Пушкин умер? - Pushkin died on January 29, 1837 at the age of thirty-seven.
10. За что он был уважаем своими современниками? - He was honoured by his contemporaries for being a remarkable novelist.
11. Популярны ли сегодня его работы? - Yes, they are still very popular.
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