Reading Task 3 Read the text and write if the following statements are true (T) or false (F) or doesn’t say (DS):

SHORT HİSTORY OF TOMATO KETCHUP

Ketchup is found in 97 percent of U.S. homes. It is used as a sauce. The ancient ketchup was not tomato at all. Ketchup has its origins in China and began as a pickled (маринованный) fish sauce. This sauce was fish and vinegar. But in 1812 a tomato-based ketchup had been invented.

Although tomatoes were brought to England from South America in the 1500s. Their fruits were neglected for a long time. People believed that they were poisonous. When tomatoes were first introduced to England wealthy people become sick and died after eating them and they were given the nickname "poison apple". Most people in England and other Northern European countries avoided eating tomatoes for nearly two hundred years.

The long history of ketchup in the Western world extends back to the early 16th century, when British settlers in Fuji were introduced to a sauce used by Chinese sailors called ke-tchup. The Chinese recipe for 'ke-chiap' was used by cooks preparing food supplies for the long voyage back to Europe.

Tomato ketchup did not become popular until the 1800s. Originally, unripe tomatoes were used. In 1811, the word ketchup appeared in America for the first time. James Mease invented ketchup chosing the tomato as the main ingredient of his ketchup. James Mease published the first known tomato ketchup recipe in 1812.

The first company to make the ketchup we love today was H.J. Heinz. When Henry was six years old, he helped his mother in the garden. He enjoyed the work. Two years later, he started selling the vegetables. When he was nine, he made his own horseradish (хрен). Horseradish is a root. Henry would grind up the root. He put it in bottles. It has a strong smell. It is used for cooking. It is used in sauces. Although bottled horseradish was actually the first product H.J. Heinz produced in 1869, it was not the condiment (приправа) we all know and love them for.

Heinz began making their ketchup with ripe tomatoes adding sugar and vinegar. F. & J. Heinz launched their tomato ketchup in 1876. He released his first bottle in 1876. Heinz started manufacturing Heinz Ketchup in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1876. Heinz developed a recipe that used ripe, red tomatoes and dramatically increased the amount of vinegar. Heinz tomato ketchup dominated the market. In 1905, the company had sold five million bottles of ketchup. By 1907, Heinz were producing 13 million bottles every year.

Henry John Heinz knew that ketchup would be a hit. In the year 2000, Heinz produced green ketchup. This is the same as the traditional red ketchup. But American children chose the colour. Tomato-based ketchup slowly became the popular form of the condiment in the U.S. and Europe. Today, Heinz is the best-selling brand of ketchup in the United States, with more than 650 million bottles sold each year. Each year, 650 million bottles of Heinz Ketchup are sold in 140 countries worldwide — 1,000 bottles every minute, and the sales give more than $1.5 billion dollars annually. Heinz is among the biggest producers, with a market share of 80 percent in Europe – via factories in the U.K., Netherlands and elsewhere – and 60 percent in the U.S.

17 Ketchup-like sauces originated in Eastern Asia as a fish sauce.

18 Ketchup likely originated as a vegetable-based sauce many centuries ago.

19 Tomato ketchup became popular in the early 16th century.

20 The Europeans enjoyed eating tomatoes brought from America.

21 A farmer, Jonas Yerkes, started producing a first bottle of ketchup nationally in 1837.

22 The American company, Heinz, used any tomatoes in the preparation of ketchup.

23 Heinz Company began selling tomato ketchup in the nineteenth century.

24 Today, the U.S. is the biggest exporter of ketchup and other tomato sauces by country​