The passive: 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. has been delayed has been asked have been encouraged have been caused have been built have been affected 3 Circi both are 1 We car being 2 People gove publi 3 Som bec 4 An 1 it v 5 A ar More cycle paths have been built to try and solve the traffic problems in the city. 2 People in the city to use public transport instead of their cars. 3 Many people by an increase in pollution caused by cars in the last few years. 4. A lot of problems by people using their cars too much. 5 A new motorway around the city because it will cost too much money. 6 The city government to create cheaper and faster trains and buses.

1. Mother (cooked) a very tasty dinner yesterday.

2. Tomorrow Nick (won't go) to school.

3. Look! My friends (are playing) football.

4, Kate (doesn't write) letters every day.

5. (Did you see) your friend yesterday?

6, (Did your father go) on a business trip last month?

7. What (did Nick do) yesterday?

8. When (does Nick get) up every morning?

9, Where (will your mother go) tomorrow?

10. I (will или shall invite) my friends to come to my place tomorrow.

11. He (won't play) the piano tomorrow.

12. We (saw) a very good film last Sunday.

13. (Does your mother cook) every day?

14. We (made) a fire last summer.

15. I (spent) last summer at the sea-side.

16. Where (did you spend) last summer?

17. Where (will he spend) next summer?

18. What (is mother doing) now? — She (is cooking) dinner.

19. I (didn't play) computer games yesterday.

20. Last Sunday we (went) to the theatre.

21. I (met) my friend yesterday.

22. I (wrote) a letter to my cousin yesterday.

23, (Will you write) a dictation tomorrow?

24. I (am not writing) a report now.

В английской грамматике существует такое понятие как залог. Он бывает либо действительным (активным), либо страдательным (пассивным).  Если подлежащее само выполняет действие,  мы относим его к категории действительного залога, например, «мама часто печет пироги».  В данном предложении отчетливо видно, кто именно выполняет действие, поэтому мы переводим его в одном из времен действительного залога, в данном случае - в настоящем неопределенном времени  - “mother often bakes cakes”. Теперь рассмотрим другое предложение, например «мне часто звонят», или «мне подарили букет роз». В данном случае, совершенно не ясно кто именно выполняет действие, т.е. звонит и дарит цветы. Не подлежащее выполняет действие, оно испытывает воздействие со стороны другого лица. В страдательном залоге внимание обращают на результат действия.

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