Ex. 18. read the article quickly and give a short summary of it: ernst weber (1795—1878) was born in wittemburg, germany, thethird of 13 children. he received his doctorate from the university ofleipzig in 1815, in physiology. he began teaching there after graduation,and continued until he retired in 1871. his research focused on the senses of touch and kinesthesia. he wasthe first to show the existence of kinesthesia, and showed that touch wasa complex sense composed of senses for pressure, temperature and pain. his chosen interests led him to certain techniques: first, there is the two-point threshold, which is a matter of measuring the smallest distancenoticeable to touch at various parts of the body. for example, the tonguehad the smallest threshold (1 mm), and the back had the largest (60 mm). this is known as weber’s law, and is the first such “law” relating aphysical stimulus with a mental experience. ernst weber also named and studied discipline psychophysics, whichhe defined as the study of the systematic relationships between physicalevents and mental events. in 1860 he published the elements ofpsychophysics. in this work weber showed that psychological events are tied to measurable physical events in a systematic way, which everyone atthat time thought impossible.

School life consists not only of lessons and changes for communicating with friends. Every day every student is full of various events, including various organizational and recreational activities, which we all have to attend.

Sometimes the principal may also gather students in the assembly hall to give them important news. But this happens quite rarely, more often we hear the director’s speech only on holidays, for example, on the first of September, Nikolai Mikhailovich (впишешь имя своего директора) always welcomes schoolchildren, standing on the porch in front of the gymnasium, and invites us to continue the road to knowledge.

The main event of the winter period is a solemn meeting of the New Year, which is not without gifts and a disco. We also celebrate March 8 in the same fun, preparing a concert for teachers on this holiday, and on May 9, the students of our gymnasium necessarily participate in laying wreaths on memorials.

Of course, many other interesting and equally important events are held in our gymnasium, including parent meetings, meetings with veterans, sports competitions, etc. Therefore, the life of students is never boring and is always in full swing.

Школьная жизнь состоит не только из уроков и перемен для общения с друзьями. Каждый день любого ученика насыщен разнообразными событиями, в том числе различными организационными и развлекательными мероприятиями, на которых мы все обязаны присутствовать.

Иногда директор может также собрать учеников в актовом зале, чтобы сообщить им важные новости. Но происходит это довольно редко, чаще речи директора мы слышим лишь на праздниках, например, первого сентября Николай Михайлович обязательно приветствует школьников, стоя на крыльце перед гимназией, и приглашает нас продолжить дорогу к знаниям.

Главным мероприятием зимнего периода является торжественная встреча Нового года, которая не обходится без подарков и дискотеки. Так же весело мы отмечаем и 8 Марта, готовя для учителей концерт на этот праздник, а 9 Мая ученики нашей гимназии обязательно участвуют в возложении венков на мемориалы.

Конечно же, в нашей гимназии проводится множество других интересных и не менее значимых мероприятий, в том числе родительские собрания, встречи с ветеранами, спортивные состязания и т. д. Поэтому жизнь учеников никогда не бывает скучной и всегда идет полным ходом.

School UniformSchool uniform is an integral part of school life in many countries. Most schools in Russia also require school uniforms. However, some school accept freestyle outfit. There are different opinions on how the standard school forms should look like. Some schools have dark blue uniforms, while others use dark red or dark green colours. Some schools in Russia accept white shirts and black skirts for girls and black trousers for boys. Nevertheless, all these school uniforms have something in common. They all look rather smart and strict. Children’s opinions on school uniform differ. Some say they like wearing it, while others prefer to wear a pair of jeans and a T-shirt. In my opinion, the school uniform has both advantages and disadvantages. First of all when children wear a school uniform, they realize that they are at school not at a swimming-pool or stadium. It adjusts them to school atmosphere and helps to study harder. Secondly, school uniforms prevent social inequality. It means that both rich and poor children wear the same clothes. Furthermore, children don’t have such problem as what to wear in the morning. The disadvantages of school uniform include the loss of individuality. Everyone becomes alike and children look similar. The second problem may be untidiness. As children wear the same clothes every day their uniform starts to look a bit untidy and faded. Last but not the least school uniforms have become rather expensive lately. So, not every parent wants to buy it. As for me, I support the idea of wearing a school uniform. I think that at home we can put on what we want, but at school we need to follow the rules.