Savol va topshiriqlar: 1. Matnni ifodali o‘qing va matn mazmunini qisqacha gapirib bering.
2. Spitamenning fazilatlarini aytib bering.
3. Matndagi undoshlarni talaffuzi va imlosiga ko‘ra tahlil qiling.
4. Matn mazmunini o‘zbek tilida va o‘quv tilingizda hikoya qiling.
5. Matndagi eskirgan so‘zlarni daftaringizga yozing va ma’nosini izohlang.
6. Bugungi davrda haqiqiy vatanparvar inson qanday qahramonlik ko‘rsatishi mumkin?

SPITAMEN

Spitamen O‘rta Osiyo xalqlari tarixida Aleksandr Makedonskiyga qarshi ko‘tarilgan xalq qo‘zg‘oloni rahbari sifatida nom qoldirgan. Qo‘rqmas xalq qasoskori boshchiligidagi qo‘zg‘olonchilar makedoniyaliklarni ko‘plab marta janglarda mag‘lub etganlar. Grek va Rim tarixchilari asarlarida Spitamenning qaysi shahar yoki qishloqdan ekanligi aniq yozilmagan. Ammo u asosan Politamet (Zarafshon) daryosi bo‘ylarida, Maroqand (Samarqand) shahri atroflarida kechgan voqealar tasvirida ko‘plab tilga olinadi.

Aleksandr qo‘shinlari qancha-qancha shaharlarni, yurtlarni osongina bosib olgan, ammo Sug‘diyonani egallash ularga oson bo‘lmaydi. Ular bu yerda xalqning qattiq qarshiligiga uchrab, ko‘pdan-ko‘p talofat ko‘radilar. Spitamen boshchiligidagi jangchilar hech kutilmagan paytda va joylarda paydo bo‘lishar, dushmanga qaqshatqich zarba berishar va yana tutqich bermay, qutulib ketishar edi. Spitamen jasur, farosatli, tadbirkor, ayni choqda juda hushyor va ziyrak edi. Uning qo‘shinida O‘rta Osiyoning mahalliy aholisi bo‘lgan massagetlar, skiflar, saklar, sug‘dlar o‘zaro birikib harakat qilar edilar. Ular Spitamenni o‘zlarining haqiqiy xaloskori deb bilardilar. Spitamen boylikka qiziqmas, qo‘lga tushgan o‘ljalarni jangchilarga bo‘lib berar edi. U nafaqat dushmanlarni, balki sotqinlik qilgan yurtdoshlarini ham ayamas edi. Spitamen Aleksandrga O‘rta Osiyo qabilalarining nimalarga qodirligini amalda ko‘rsatdi. Vatanini, xalqini sevishni, o‘z qishlog‘ini, shahrini, yurtini ardoqlashni o‘rta osiyoliklardan o‘rganish kerakligini isbotladi.

Spitamenning o‘limi haqida ham turli xil rivoyatlar mavjud. Ba’zi rivoyatlarda u o‘z xotini tomonidan o‘ldirilgan deyilsa, ayrimlarida sotqin qabiladoshlari tomonidan vahshiylarcha qatl etilgan deyiladi. Sharqning jasur, yengilmas, vatanparvar, mard o‘g‘loni Spitamenning nomi, uning dushmanga qarshi ko‘rsatgan qahramonliklari necha asrlardan beri tildan-tilga, avloddan-avlodga o‘tib kelmoqda. U haqida, uning qahramonliklari haqida shoir va yozuvchilarimiz tomonidan ko‘plab badiiy asarlar yaratilgan. Shaharlarimizdagi go‘zal xiyobonlar, ko‘rkam ko‘chalar uning muborak nomi bilan ataladi.

Spitamen is an important historical figure in the history of Central Asian peoples. He was a leader of a rebellion against Alexander the Great, and he is highly regarded for his courage and bravery in resisting the Macedonians. Although there are different accounts of Spitamen's origins, it is generally believed that he hailed from a city or village near the Polytimet (Zarafshan) River, in the vicinity of Marakand (Samarqand).

Spitamen and his army fought many battles against the Macedonians and achieved numerous victories. However, they faced great difficulty in trying to capture Sogdiana, which proved to be a formidable challenge. Despite the hardships and setbacks, Spitamen and his soldiers never hesitated to confront their enemies, they would fight fiercely without giving up, they would inflict heavy blows on their adversaries, and would not retreat until they were victorious. Spitamen was known for his bravery, intelligence, resourcefulness, and exceptional leadership skills.

His army consisted of different tribes and peoples of Central Asia, such as the Massagetae, Scythians, Sakas, and Sogdians, who united under his command and fought as one. They regarded Spitamen as their true liberator. He not only defended his people from enemies but also cared for his countrymen. He would distribute the spoils of war among his soldiers, providing for their needs and making them feel valued. Spitamen demonstrated to Alexander the Great the power and capabilities of the Central Asian tribes. He proved that the people of Central Asia are capable of loving their homeland, their people, their city, and their country, and are ready to defend them.

Different accounts exist regarding Spitamen's death. According to some sources, he was killed by his wife, while others claim that he was brutally murdered by traitorous tribes. His name has become synonymous with courage, indomitableness, patriotism, and heroism in the East, inspiring generations through the ages. Many poets and writers have created numerous literary works to commemorate his heroism. Even today, our cities bear beautiful streets and neighborhoods named after Spitamen, ensuring that his blessed name remains immortalized.

In conclusion, Spitamen was a remarkable historical figure who led a rebellion against Alexander the Great and fought bravely to defend his people and his land. He showcased the courage, determination, and love for his homeland that continue to inspire us today.